Pulverizer



Mar'h 2s, 1933.

c. c. JAMlEsoN 1,902,857

PULVERI ZER Filed oct. 2s, 1950 2 sheets-sneu "1 duim/M494 March 28, 1933. A c. c. JAMlEsoN 1,902,857

PULVERI ZER Filed Oct. 28, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 EHU H1319! um] Y Patented Mar. 28,' 1933 CHARLES c. Jamieson, or JoxsoNvrnLE, FLORIDA rULvERIz'Ea Appueaaon mea oetober 2s, 193e. seal Nb.'491,8o2'.

This invention relates in generalto road building machinery and more particularly hasv reference to an apparatus for pulverizing the natural aggregate of a roadbed to 5 the desired depth for incorporation with a binder'in the construction of mixed-inplace roads. Y

Previous to this time, in the construction of IniXed-in-place roads, the roadbed has been graded, brought to level and cross section, then scarified or harrowed to prepare the roadbed for the application of such liquid binders as asphalts, coal tar, etc., after which the Vbinders were mixed with the aggregate by means of disc harrows and grading machines and subsequently dragged or rolled.

An object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for breaking up the natural aggregates composing the roadbed.

Another object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for plowing a roadbed and breaking up the aggregate turned over by cutting, with provision for insuring pulverization by obstructing movement of the aggregate while undergoing cutting.

Still another object of this invention is to Y provide an apparatus for plowing a roadbed, breaking up of the aggregate turned 53 over by cutting, with provision for securing pulver-ization by obstructing movement of the aggregate while undergoing cutting, and to thus insure the thorough incorporation of the asphaltic cement or other binder throughout the aggregate and the coating of the grains of the aggregate therewith.

A further object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for breaking up the natural aggregate composing the roadbed and to provide a bailleA plate or guard to prevent the throwing of pulverized aggregate beyond the edge of the road, said baie plate to form a guide, for the direction of the ,r machine in use and to provide a means of J working up to the edge of the road without scattering `the treated material beyond the edges of the road onto the shoulders thereof.

With these and `other objects in View F which may be incident to my improvements, d the invention consists in the parts and com- 9-9 of Fig. 1.

binations'fto be hereinafter set forth and claimed,- with the` understanding that ythe several necessary elements comprising my invention -may bevariedl in construction,

proportions,jand arrangement, without de- 55 i partingfromthespiritand scope ofthe appended claims.

In order to make. `my invention more f Y clearly understood, I-have shownin theacf companying drawings, means for carrying `the same into practical effect without limiting the 'improvements in their useful applications to the particular constructions which, for the purpose of explanation, have been made the subject of illustration.V Y C3 l employ v.theapparatus forming the sub-` ject matter of my present invention to plow a roadbed in which itis desired to incorporate the natural aggregate thereof with a liquid binder such as asphalt. AIn the use of my novel apparatus, Ilirst plow the surface to be treated whether it is intended to construct a new roadorrfwhere an old pavement ifs to `be torn up'inr order to lay a new sur.- r

ace. 1: y .3.

the drawings forming a part of this specilication: e

Fig. l is a side view of the apparatus forming the subject matterofmy invention howing the adjustable` bailleV plates, and

rag. l l .l

Fig.V 2 `is a top view,l of my apparatus showing the connections foroperating; the shafts carrying the blades, partly in plan.

Fig. 3 is a side view of a portion ofthe 85 apparatus showing the plows and the relation of theshafts carrying the blades, and the grids, thereto. j

Fig. 4 is a top fragmentary view partly in section taken on line of section 3.

Fig. 5 is a sectional View `of a shaft carrying the grids.

Fig. 6 is a top view ofv a. .grid taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 5. j Y

Fig. 8 isa sectionalv viewptaken on linev 8--8ofFig.5.A 'y

Fig. ,9 is a sectional view taken on line loo io-io or Fig.

verticallymounted shafts.

Free passage of portions of vthe turned over material through the blades without positively preventedgby being broken up is grids between the series the interposition of of blades on each shaft so that besides the natural resistance in the blades offered by the inertia of the material', the grids positively 4obstruct passage of the material not brokenup sufficiently 'fine to pass between the spaces afforded bythe grids and blades.

It will be appreciated that material fed 1 into'the vblades would ordinarily be thrown outward after passage therethrough. This isY of course undesirable' in the construction of a roadway as in plowing, as'it 'tends to produce'an uneven surface or to Afill upV ad- I acent furrows.

I overcome this difficulty by providing an angularly positioned 4baffle adjacent thrown thereagainst downward, to lill the furrows as'theyv are Yuncovered by the plows.

The baffle' is vertically adjustable so that the plows may be lowered kto varying depths withoutthe baffles contacting with the surface operated upon. The bottom of the f baffle is further provided with a hin-ged drag alignment therewith,

.. carrying a Vmounted on i wheels.

to level the surface after the aggregate composing the same has been broken up. An additional `baffle isV provided on the apparan tus,"on the side Ithereof andfin longitudinal similarly vertically adjustable, b t not provided with a drag, to form an ledge foftlie 'pulverized aggregate, by deiiection of the same fromthe 'blades thereagainst. I

Referring more particularly by numerals to the drawings in which the same and similar elements are designated by like symbols of reference throughout and more especially to Fig. 1 my apparatus comprises a frame series of rotating blades having stationary grids interposed therebetween, positioned between Va series of stationary plows, and normally .stationary baiile plates,

The frame as shown in Figures 1 and 2, particularly 2, comprises aside bar V1 having a socket 2 mounted von the rear end thereof for receiving the end of a curved aXle 3 on which is mounted a trailing wheel 4. The

. front end of the side barv 1 is bent inwardly as at "5, andoutwardly as at 6 to provide a portion Z on the front end parallel with the body portion 1 of the bar, connected to a longitudinal draw bar v8. j The side bar1 isadditionally connected tothe draw bar 8 through integrally formed angularly posi- .to lthe series of the aligned `Vshafts carrying the blades so as to direct materialv tioned cross braces 9 and 11. The draw' bar 8 is further connected to a correspondingly positioned draw bar 12 through integrally constructed angularly positioned cross braces 18 and 14, intermediate the ends of the same, and at the front end by a flanged transversebrace 15. The draw bars 8 and 12 are-bent downwardly at 16, as shown-fin Fig. 1, and clevises 17 and 18 attached to the endsthereof for securing the apparatus to a 'tractor or other vehicle.

Thefront portion of the apparatus is carried on wheels 19 and 21. rlhe wheel 19 is mounted on a bent axle 22 which extends through the side bar 1,wherein a collar A28 is'seated, and the'end ofthe axle vis-'iixed in the side of a longitudinal portion 24,' formed integral with the angularlyA positioned cross braces 9 and '11 and fixed to the sideof the draw bar 8 adjacent its rear Vfend. rlfhe wheel`21 is carried on an'aXle 25 which extends through a collar' 26 supported on the `frame by connection with Ian angular bar 27 lixed in a socket 28 formed integral with the collar, and extending through collars 29 and 31 seated in apertures provided in the draw'bars 8 and 12. The axle 25 is additionally supported through a ybar 82 having its respective ends seated in a socket '33 formed in ther collar 2G in; additiontothe socket 28, and in a socket formed in the collar 29. The bars 27 and 82 are further rigidly held by a cross brace 34Y formed'with apertures adjacent Veachend for receiving the bars. i j Y j A plurality of plow shares 85', 85,y and87 are carried on the frame. 5 yllhe Yshare 85, as rshown in Fig. '8, is carried by a cur-ved connecting arm 88 mounted on the sidebar 1, the Vshare '86 by a curved lconnecting arm 89 mounted on the draw bar andthe share 37 'on a connecting `arm 41 mounted on the draw bar 12,v the shares being aligned 'and carried on the frame 'in angular relation thereto. A plurality of vertical shafts42, 48 and 44, 'as better shownv in Fig. 4, are also-car'- ried by the frame. on the end' of an extension 45 integrally formedr with the angular braces 9 and 11 and angularly Vpositioned with respect' to the side bar 1. rihe shaft'42, is fitted in a bearing' 46' adjacent to the top,` which is held to the end of theextension 45 by a strap 47. rlhe shaft 43 fitted'in a similar bearing 48 is mountedl 'on the end of an eX- tension 49 of the angular braces 18 andV 14, likewise angularly positioned with respect to the side bar land parallel with the eX- tension 45, by a strap 51. vThe shaft 44, also carried in a bearing52, is lnfiounterl onl` the end of a brace having the other end mounted on the draw bar 12, and positioned parallel with the'extensions 45 -and 49.

rlhe shafts whicharel adapted tov rotate,

The shaft 42 is mounted are` each' provided with a series of blades54l separated by spacers 55, and held ,against collars 56 xed on the shafts adjacent to the top ends, and at the bottom ends by nuts 57 screwed on threaded extensions 58, more clearly shown in Fi 3. i

Sprocket wheels (gnot shown)V are adapted to be keyed on the tops of the shafts for en-l gagement by a HeXible driving mechanism, the shafts adapted to be rotated by engagementof a worm gear onthe shaft 43, with a worm carried on a shaft 59 operating in a housing 61 which communicatesv with a tapered housing 62 surrounding the top'ofl the shaft 43. The tops of the shafts 42 and 44 are similarly incased in housings'63 and 64.

A casing 65 is seated on the tops of the housings 62, 63, and 64, having apertures inthe bottom thereof for receiving the tops of the shafts, the casing 65, receiving the.

lsprocket wheels keyed on the tops'of the shafts and thev ieXible driving mechanism` connecting the same. The casing is adaptedto receive lubricant which may collect in the housings communicating therewith and thus result in eiiicient lubrication of the bearings in which the vertical` shafts are operated, the casing being provided with a removable cover 66 to foreign material therein.

The shaft 59 operating the worm in the casing 61, to rotate the vertical shafts by engagement of the worm' with the gear carried on the shaft 43, and the shafts 42 and 44 by engagement of the flexible driving mechanism with the sprockets carried there by, is adapted to be operated through a universal toggle joint 67 by a shaft 68 which 'may be operated by any suitable source of power such as by connection with the driving mechanism of a tractor. The mecha,- nism herein described for rotating the blades is, of course, susceptible to Vmodification,

land the invention is in no wise restricted to the particular construction described which manifestly is `subject to wide variation.

The ends of the braces 45, 49, and 53,

forming a. part of the frame and carrying the blade assemblies are connected by a side bar 69. The bar 69 is bent in the rear as at 71, for connection with the end of thei extension 45 integrally formed with the cross braces 9 and l1. The bar is connected to the ends of the braces 49 and 53 by angle irons 72 and 73, and is angularly bent at the forward end as at 75 and 7 6, forming an eX- tension 77 transversely positioned with reV spect to the side bar 1, and connected to the draw bars 8 and 12 by clamps 78 and 79.

While the mechanism thus far described` is to some degree conventional, I propose to modify the structure by interposing stationary grids 81 between the blades 54 fixedly carried by the rotating shafts 42,43, and 44. l

prevent entrance ofV The grids 81, as clearly shown lin Fig. 6, are j preferably rectilineary in form, cutoffat opa-V positecorners as at 82,;and 83, and formedl with integral curvedY central extensions ,84

and 85. The grids are provided with cen? 1 trally located hexagonal apertures-adapted of normally sta:

as. The shafts to be fitted on a plurality tionary vertically positioned shafts, shown in Fig. 5, 86, 87, and 88. carrying the grids are fitted in eo1lars89, 91, and 92- at the top, whichv are held on the .side bar 69 by clamps93, 94, and 95.- f

The clamps 93 and 94 extend through the against, while the rcollar 92, formed to it in the curved portion7 5 in thefront end of the bar, and` tobe held therein by the clamp'95 side of the bar 69, holding the collars there-V extending across the angleformedj by the v curved portion 75 of the bar. Each of the shafts is provided with transverse apertures at the topadapted to coincide with transverse apertures provided `inthe collars for receiving shear` pins97, as shown in Fig. 8,l

forV ermittino rotation of the normall sta tionary shafts in vthe event of lodgment of..

material unable to pass between the blades and grids, to vprevent breaking of the same. I

Y The grids 81 are spaced on the respective shaft, by spacers 98 secured by nuts 99 screwed on threaded extensions formed on The bottoms of the 4bottoms. of the shafts.

the shafts are further Vprovided with eXtensions adapted to fit in collars 101, 102,.and 10,3, as shown in Fig, 3, which are held bv straps, as shown in Fig. 7, 104, 105,

108, and 109, which are connected at the top to the draw bar 8, and on, each side `of the.

draw bar12, respectively.

Materialthrown bythe shares into rial. The grids .are intended to obstruct passage of the'material through the blades so,V

as not to allow material f ofa size greater than the spaces between the grids and blades to pass, and thus insurethe complete pulverization of material passing through Vthe blades and the intimate andr substantially homogeneous incorporation of the components of the material. j A

- Previous to this time the material passing through the blades without obstructionfurther than'that oftheresistanee offered by reason Vof the inertia of the material, has

been thrown outwardr from the blades withand 106,f formedintegral with connectingarms 107,

out deflection. VI provide averticallyposi?` i tioned bathe plate parallel with the shafts carrying the grids and bladesand thus, an-

gularlyarranged vwith respect to the frameV 111, asshown in Figures 1, 2, 9, and 10,' a'df jacent the blades, fixed tothe Vside bar69l of the'frame` by connectingarms 112, 113, and 114. The :baiilefplatel' is lprovided with a plurality of vertical straps 11.5, 116,; ld

, 117, each formed with apair of longitudinal f therewith.

-provided with a pair 354l r`share to be' extendedtoany desired 50' slots 118 and 119, adapted to coincide with slots 121 and 122 provided on the face of the 'bailleA plate forreceiving a pair of bolts 123, and a pair of nuts 124 and 125", washers 126 and 127 fitting-over the bolts under the nuts. The bolts. 'exten'dthrough apertures rovi'ded on the ,connecting arms 11.2,V 113, and 114 provided for vertically adjusting the baille plate.

The bottoms of the bands 115, 11e, and

V117 are formed with eyes adapted to receiveV pins 128 fitted in similar eyes formed on eX- tensions of the straps 129, 131,Vand. 132 which are secured on 'a drag 133 provided lwith av seat 134 at the bottom. The drag,

hinged to .theV baille plate, is adapted to smooth pulverized material kd'eilectedthereby, and as the same is pivotally carried by the baiile plate, tobe vertically adjustable Suppleinented baffle plate 135 is carried on a frame forwardV of the baille plate 111, vertically positioned coextensivel with the height of the baifleplate and dragl there attached. Baiile plate 135 is attached to the frame by angular arm 136 secured von the sideof the bar 69, and a connecting ar'in 137 held on the draw bars 8 141V and 142 on the sidesintegral with reinforcedV edges on the top and bottom, each 'Y of aligned slots 143 and 144 coinciding with slots on the baille plate, adapted to receive a pair of boltsv 145, and a pair of nutsv and washers 146 corre@ sponding to those extendingy through the vbaille plate 111,` for a vertical adjustment of The operation of my apparatus will be` readily understood, the same being adapted to be attached to a motor drawn vehicle, preferably a'tractor, through the clevises 18 and 19.` The shaft 68 adapted to rotate the blades 54 by a connection'with the shaft 59 through the universal toggle joint 67, operating a'worin in an engagement with a worm gear ona shaft`43 carrying sprocket wheels carried by the shafts 42 and through a flexibleA mechanism not shown, orY by any .other suitable drag, is Vadapted `tobe coney f ,.Iiected withl a power'talie-oifYY on the vehicle Zbyjwhich the apparatus isA drawn.. Y Of course l and 12 byy clamps 138 and 139, respectively. They baiile plate 135 is provided with reinforced 'edges order to allow the plow' if a powered vehicleis not available, the blades may be rotatedy by a power blade carried on the apparatus. In any event it is advisable to interposev a transmission; be'- tween thesource of powerand the driving mechanism so that the-speed at which the blade is rotated ,may be controlled toy suit the particular requirements. f

While the plow shares Yare not shown as adjustable it is intended that the vsame be capable ofbeing lowered in any conventional manner to the depth to which itis desired to scarify the surface operated upon. The

bottoms of the shafts carrying the rotating blades and the grids, needY not necessarily be positioned on a plane with the bottoms of the shares, but on the contrary it is advisable that the saine terminate above -thebott0ms of the shares as shown in the drawings, in any event Vnot extending below the same. The material turned up by-the plow shares is Adirected into the rotating blades where passage of the saine 'therethrough is4 obstructed by the grids.

ln this manner pulverization of the ina-l teiial is insured as the particles must be at least line enough to pass-between the spaces afforded between the spaces and the grids.

In the event of lodgeinent of material unf able to pass between ther grids and blades, therebetween the pins or the shafts carrying the grids stationary are adapted to be sheared sotliat the grids may be allowed to l rotate by reason of such force, .and prevent breakage vof either the blades or the grids.

My apparatus is particularly adaptable asA has been previously stated, tothe mixing*A and thorough incorporation of a binder such as asphalt with the naturalaggregate .of a roadway, preferably previously pulverized by working with my apparatus in the inanner set forth, v t

The pulverized material thrown outward by the blades is adapted to be deflected onto the surface operated upon by the forward` and lower baille plates positioned adjacent to the grids and the blades. The baille plates may be adjusted so that the forwardl baiile plate will approximately contact with the surface so as to form an edge, and thus align a roadway if such is being operated upon, andthe rear' drag carried bythe rear baille plate similarly positioned so as tov smooth the pulverized material deilected by both baille plates.

There, is accoi'fnplishedI by this inventiony an apparatus for plowing and'iinely break-v ing up the material turned over,r particularly for` plowing up the natural aggregate composing a roadbed, constructed vto insure iid the complete pulverization of theaggregate and to smooth form an edge of the saine` so as to prepare' the aggregate l'for incorp-V poration withA a binder, and to subsequently aid in incorporating'the binder with the aggregate by working over of the mixture j of aggregate and binder through the blades. While I have shown and described the preferred embodimentof my invention, I

wish it to be understood that I do not coniine myself to the'precise details of construction herein set forth by way of illustration, as it is apparent that many changes.

and variations may be made therein, by

those skilled in the art Without departing over pulverized aggregate into said blades,

and grids interposed between the blades to obstruct the passage thereof through the blades to thoroughly mix the components.

3. A pulverizer comprising vertically mounted rotating blades, means to plow and turn over earth into said blades, and stationary grids interposed between the blades to obstruct the passage of earth therethrough.

4. A pulverizer comprising means to plow and turn over the earth, vertically rotating blades having grids interposed therebetween to obstruct passage of the earth, and means to deflect and smooth the earth pulverized.

5. A pulverizer comprising means to plow and turn over a pulverized aggregate, vertically rotating blades having grids interposed therebetween to obstruct passage of the aggregate through the blades, and means to deflect the pulverized mix for forming an edge, and means to smooth the surface treated material.

6. A pulverizer comprising vertically mounted rotating blades, means to plow and turn over earth into said rotating blades, means normally stationary to ob-V struct passage of the earth through the blades, and means to allow movement of the obstructing means upon lodgment of unbreakable material between the same and the blades.

7. A pulverizing mixer for incorporating 5) a binder application on a pulverized aggregate, therewith, comprising vertically mount-` ed rotating blades, means to plow and turn over the binder and aggregate into said rotating blades, normally stationary grids mounted between the blades to obstruct the passage thereof through the blades and insure thorough mixing of the same, and means to allow movement of the grids upon the lodgment of unbreakable material between the grids and the blades.

' blades,

plow share carried by t e frame,'a vertical rotatable shaft carrying horizontally positioned blades, mounted on the' frame adjacent the plow share and a stationary shaft carrying fixed grids interposed between ,the blades, mounted on the frame adjacent the shaft carrying the blades.

,9. A pulverizer comprising a frame, a plurality of aligned plow shares mounted on the frame in angular relation thereto, a plurality of verticalrotatable shaftscarrying horizontally positioned blades, mounted on theV frame adjacent the plow shares and parallel thereto, and afplurality of stationary shafts carrying fixed grids interposed between the blades mounted on the frame adjacent the shafts carrying the blades and in alignment therewith.

l0. A pulverizer comprising vertically mounted rotating blades, means to plow the constituents of a roadbed into said rotating blades, means to obstruct passage thereof through the blades, vpulverize and mix the same, and a baffle plate positioned adjacent the blades to deflect the pulverized mix, a

8. A pulverizerv com rising a frame, a f

drag on the baffle plate to smooththe product, and a baille plate positioned forward of the plate carrying the drag to form an edge of the material, both baille plates being vertically Vadjustable to allow adjustment of the plows to the desired depth. Ill. A pulverizer comprising a frame, a pluralityl of aligned plowl shares angularl mounted on the frame, a plurality of vertical rotatable.V shafts carrying) horizontally mounted blades positioned adjacent theplow shares in parallel relation. thereto, a plurality of vertical shafts carrying fixed grids interposed between the blades, positioned in alignment with -the shafts carrying the and held stationary by shear pins, a vertically adjustable baille plate mounted on the side of the frame adjacent the shafts carrying the blades and grids, a drag weighted at the'bottom, and a vertically adjustable baille plate positioned in longitudinal relation with the frame, mounted thereon forward of the baliie plate carrying the hinged drag.

12. A pulverizer comprising Vvertically mounted rotating blades, means to direct earth into said rotating blades, means to obstruct the passage of the earth through the blades, means to successively deflect the pulverized mix and form an edge thereof and means to smooth the pulverized mix.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature.

CHARLES c.` JAMIEsoN. j 

